Upsc notes : augu

“Every law is an infraction of liberty.” ~ Jeremy Bentham Jeremy Bentham’s quote succinctly captures the tension between laws and individual freedom.

Long story short Harappan Civilisation Craft Production Harappan Civilisation Harappan seals are very distinctive.

Introduction The holding of free and fair elections is the sine-qua-non of democracy.

Essay General Studies - 1 General Studies - 2 General Studies - 3 General Studies - 4 Essay write 2 essays, one from each section.

Long story short The Judiciary The Judiciary Supreme Court Article 124 deals with the Establishment and Constitution of the Supreme Court.

“Side by side with physical capital formation, human resource development has also been playing a useful role in economic development.

Demographic transition Demographic transition is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development, to low birth rates and low death rates in societies with advanced technology, education and economic development.

Essay General Studies - 1 General Studies - 2 General Studies - 3 General Studies - 4 Essay write 2 essays, one from each section.

Salient aspects of Art, Architecture, literature from Ancient to Modern Times Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture.

Mid-18th century – Present (significant events, personalities, issues) Freedom Struggle (various stages, important contributors from different parts of the country) In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India.

Salient Features of World Physical Geography - Important Geophysical phenomena (earthquakes, tsunami, volcanoes, cyclones), Geographical features and location Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the Himalayas than in Western Ghats.

Salient features of Indian Society; Diversity of India, Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism.

To what extent, in your view, the Parliament is able to ensure accountability of the executive in India?

‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets.

How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the States to improve their fiscal position?

“If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s.

Discuss the desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary to ensure diversity, equity and inclusiveness.

Explain the purpose of Green Grid Initiative launched at the World Leaders Summit of COP26 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasglow in November 2021.

How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers?

Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyse the impact of cross-border cyber attacks.

How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers?

What is disaster resilience? How is it determined? Describe various elements of a reslience framework.

How is the S-400 air defence system technically superior to any other system presently available in the world?

The topic ‘Ethics’ has the following sub-topics: Essence, Determinants and Consequences of Ethics in – Human Actions Dimensions of Ethics Ethics – in Private and Public Relationships Human Values – Lessons from the Lives and Teachings of Great Leaders, Reformers and Administrators Role of Family Society and Educational Institutions in Inculcating Values All questions have 10 marks each.

The development of infrastructure is a sine qua non of economic development.

Resources are generally defined as all those things available in man’s physical environment on which he depends for the satisfaction of some want or the other.

Long story short The State Executive Union State Relations The State Executive Article 153 stipulates that there shall be a Governor for each State.

Long story short Union Executive Union Legislature Union Executive Part V (The Union) under Chapter I (The Executive)

Long story short Historical underpinnings Salient features Making of the Constitution The Preamble Union and its territories Citizenship Fundamental rights Directive principles Fundamental Duties Historical underpinnings The historical underpinnings of the Indian Constitution can be traced back to several sources, including the country’s ancient legal and political traditions, as well as more recent constitutional developments in British India and other countries.

Colonialism refers to a system of political and social relations between two countries, of which one is the ruler and the other is its colony.

Long story short Early Man Man takes to City Life Life in the Vedic Age Rise of the Kingdom of Magadha Buddhism and Jainism The Mauryan Empire India after the Mauryas The age of the Guptas The age of smaller kingdoms India and the World Early Man Man as a nomad History gives us knowledge of the past.

Ronald A Shearer stated, “The literature of social sciences is a testimony to the errors: unnecessary confusions and prolonged debates which can result from an ambiguity on the level of basic conceptualization”

Every economy needs to increase output to grow. And to produce more, more demand is required.